Dynamic positioning (DP) is a computer-controlled system to automatically maintain a vessel's position and heading by using its own propellers and thrusters. Position reference sensors, combined with wind sensors, motion sensors and gyro compasses, provide information to the computer pertaining to the vessel's position and the magnitude and direction of environmental forces affecting its position
The full range of dynamic positioning systems to keep the vessel within specified position and heading limits. These systems are designed to minimise fuel consumption and wear and tear on the propulsion equipment.
Typical applications for dynamic positioning systems:
- Drill ships
- Cable-laying vessels
- Crane vessels
- Cruise ships
- Diving support vessels
- Dredging
- FPSO's
- Flotels
- Maritime research vessels
- Mega yachts
- Mine sweepers
- Pipe laying vessels
- Platform supply vessels
- Rock dumping vessels
- Survey ships
- Supply vessels
- Shuttle tankers
Dynamic Positioning is a system by which a Marine Ship maintains her position & heading. Similarly Dynamic Tracking enables a DP vessel to maintain a particular track and heading. To maintain this position, head or precision manoeuvrings of the DP vessel sophisticated Computer systems are used. These Dynamic Positioning Systems control the propellor and the thruster of the DP Vessel. These operations occur at sea where mooring or anchoring is not possible due to deep water, pipelines at the bottom or other technical problems and specialized ships in the form of DP Vessel are required.
1. REFERENCE SYSTEMS
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As the name suggests these system are used for reference of the vessel e.g. Position reference, heading reference, motion reference, magnitude and direction of environmental forces (wind, current etc.), depth and other reference depending on the DP Class and DP Vessel's Operation.
2. CONTROL SYSTEMS
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These are controllers and they use mathematical model of the ship, based on a hydrodynamic and aerodynamic description of DP Vessel characteristics. These use the data from the Reference system, does its own complex calculations as per the required DP Operation and controls the Power and Propulsion System of the DP Vessel.
3. POWER AND PROPULSION SYSTEMS
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Power units and the Propulsion unit of the Dynamic Positioning System consists of the Bow and stern thrusters, water jets, rudders and propellers. These control the Positioning or heading or even precision maneuvering of the DP Vessel. Most of the commands are controlled by the Control Systems. On DP Class 1 vessel the setup is simple but Class 2 and 3 DP ships, all computers and reference systems should be powered through a UPS.
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